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							| @ -679,55 +679,116 @@ | |||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{sideris2015mpeg, | @inproceedings{sideris2015mpeg, | ||||||
|   title={MPEG-DASH users' QoE: The segment duration effect}, |     title={MPEG-DASH users' QoE: The segment duration effect}, | ||||||
|   author={Sideris, Anargyros and Markakis, E and Zotos, Nikos and Pallis, Evangelos and Skianis, Charalabos}, |     author={Sideris, Anargyros and Markakis, E and Zotos, Nikos and Pallis, Evangelos and Skianis, Charalabos}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={2015 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, |     booktitle={2015 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, | ||||||
|   pages={1--6}, |     pages={1--6}, | ||||||
|   year={2015}, |     year={2015}, | ||||||
|   organization={IEEE} |     organization={IEEE} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{stohr2017sweet, | @inproceedings{stohr2017sweet, | ||||||
|   title={Where are the sweet spots?: A systematic approach to reproducible dash player comparisons}, |     title={Where are the sweet spots?: A systematic approach to reproducible dash player comparisons}, | ||||||
|   author={Stohr, Denny and Fr{\"o}mmgen, Alexander and Rizk, Amr and Zink, Michael and Steinmetz, Ralf and Effelsberg, Wolfgang}, |     author={Stohr, Denny and Fr{\"o}mmgen, Alexander and Rizk, Amr and Zink, Michael and Steinmetz, Ralf and Effelsberg, Wolfgang}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia}, |     booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia}, | ||||||
|   pages={1113--1121}, |     pages={1113--1121}, | ||||||
|   year={2017}, |     year={2017}, | ||||||
|   organization={ACM} |     organization={ACM} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{chiariotti2016online, | @inproceedings{chiariotti2016online, | ||||||
|   title={Online learning adaptation strategy for DASH clients}, |     title={Online learning adaptation strategy for DASH clients}, | ||||||
|   author={Chiariotti, Federico and D'Aronco, Stefano and Toni, Laura and Frossard, Pascal}, |     author={Chiariotti, Federico and D'Aronco, Stefano and Toni, Laura and Frossard, Pascal}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems}, |     booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems}, | ||||||
|   pages={8}, |     pages={8}, | ||||||
|   year={2016}, |     year={2016}, | ||||||
|   organization={ACM} |     organization={ACM} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{yadav2017quetra, | @inproceedings{yadav2017quetra, | ||||||
|   title={Quetra: A queuing theory approach to dash rate adaptation}, |     title={Quetra: A queuing theory approach to dash rate adaptation}, | ||||||
|   author={Yadav, Praveen Kumar and Shafiei, Arash and Ooi, Wei Tsang}, |     author={Yadav, Praveen Kumar and Shafiei, Arash and Ooi, Wei Tsang}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia}, |     booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia}, | ||||||
|   pages={1130--1138}, |     pages={1130--1138}, | ||||||
|   year={2017}, |     year={2017}, | ||||||
|   organization={ACM} |     organization={ACM} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{huang2019hindsight, | @inproceedings{huang2019hindsight, | ||||||
|   title={Hindsight: evaluate video bitrate adaptation at scale}, |     title={Hindsight: evaluate video bitrate adaptation at scale}, | ||||||
|   author={Huang, Te-Yuan and Ekanadham, Chaitanya and Berglund, Andrew J and Li, Zhi}, |     author={Huang, Te-Yuan and Ekanadham, Chaitanya and Berglund, Andrew J and Li, Zhi}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference}, |     booktitle={Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference}, | ||||||
|   pages={86--97}, |     pages={86--97}, | ||||||
|   year={2019}, |     year={2019}, | ||||||
|   organization={ACM} |     organization={ACM} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @inproceedings{ozcinar2017viewport, | @inproceedings{ozcinar2017viewport, | ||||||
|   title={Viewport-aware adaptive 360 video streaming using tiles for virtual reality}, |     title={Viewport-aware adaptive 360 video streaming using tiles for virtual reality}, | ||||||
|   author={Ozcinar, Cagri and De Abreu, Ana and Smolic, Aljosa}, |     author={Ozcinar, Cagri and De Abreu, Ana and Smolic, Aljosa}, | ||||||
|   booktitle={2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, |     booktitle={2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, | ||||||
|   pages={2174--2178}, |     pages={2174--2178}, | ||||||
|   year={2017}, |     year={2017}, | ||||||
|   organization={IEEE} |     organization={IEEE} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @inproceedings{simon2019streaming, | ||||||
|  |     title={Streaming a Sequence of Textures for Adaptive 3D Scene Delivery}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Simon, Gwendal and Petrangeli, Stefano and Carr, Nathan and Swaminathan, Viswanathan}, | ||||||
|  |     booktitle={2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={1159--1160}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2019}, | ||||||
|  |     organization={IEEE} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @article{maglo2013pomar, | ||||||
|  |     title={POMAR: Compression of progressive oriented meshes accessible randomly}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Maglo, Adrien and Grimstead, Ian and Hudelot, C{\'e}line}, | ||||||
|  |     journal={Computers \& Graphics}, | ||||||
|  |     volume={37}, | ||||||
|  |     number={6}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={743--752}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2013}, | ||||||
|  |     publisher={Elsevier} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @article{bayazit20093, | ||||||
|  |     title={3-D mesh geometry compression with set partitioning in the spectral domain}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Bayazit, Ulug and Konur, Umut and Ates, Hasan Fehmi}, | ||||||
|  |     journal={IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology}, | ||||||
|  |     volume={20}, | ||||||
|  |     number={2}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={179--188}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2009}, | ||||||
|  |     publisher={IEEE} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @inproceedings{mamou2010shape, | ||||||
|  |     title={Shape approximation for efficient progressive mesh compression}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Mamou, Khaled and Dehais, Christophe and Chaieb, Faten and Ghorbel, Faouzi}, | ||||||
|  |     booktitle={2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={3425--3428}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2010}, | ||||||
|  |     organization={IEEE} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @inproceedings{isenburg2006streaming, | ||||||
|  |     title={Streaming compression of tetrahedral volume meshes}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Isenburg, Martin and Lindstrom, Peter and Gumhold, Stefan and Shewchuk, Jonathan}, | ||||||
|  |     booktitle={Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={115--121}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2006}, | ||||||
|  |     organization={Canadian Information Processing Society} | ||||||
|  | } | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | @article{courbet2010streaming, | ||||||
|  |     title={Streaming compression of hexahedral meshes}, | ||||||
|  |     author={Courbet, Clement and Isenburg, Martin}, | ||||||
|  |     journal={The Visual Computer}, | ||||||
|  |     volume={26}, | ||||||
|  |     number={6-8}, | ||||||
|  |     pages={1113--1122}, | ||||||
|  |     year={2010}, | ||||||
|  |     publisher={Springer} | ||||||
| } | } | ||||||
|  | |||||||
| @ -66,6 +66,8 @@ After content preparation, the mesh consists in a base mesh and a sequence of pa | |||||||
| Thus, a client can start by downloading the base mesh, display it to the user, and keep downloading and displaying details as time goes by. | Thus, a client can start by downloading the base mesh, display it to the user, and keep downloading and displaying details as time goes by. | ||||||
| This process reduces the time a user has to wait before seeing something, and increases the quality of experience. | This process reduces the time a user has to wait before seeing something, and increases the quality of experience. | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
|  | These methods have been vastly researched \citep{isenburg2006streaming,courbet2010streaming,bayazit20093,mamou2010shape}, but very few of these methods can handle meshes with attributes, such as texture coordinates. | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
| \citep{streaming-compressed-webgl} develop a dedicated progressive compression algorithm for efficient decoding, in order to be usable on web clients. | \citep{streaming-compressed-webgl} develop a dedicated progressive compression algorithm for efficient decoding, in order to be usable on web clients. | ||||||
| With the same objective, \citep{pop-buffer} proposes pop buffer, a progressive compression method based on quantization that allows efficient decoding. | With the same objective, \citep{pop-buffer} proposes pop buffer, a progressive compression method based on quantization that allows efficient decoding. | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| @ -91,21 +93,14 @@ On the one hand, using segments containing very few faces will induce many HTTP | |||||||
| On the other hand, if segments contain too many faces, the time to load the segment will be long and the system loses adaptability. | On the other hand, if segments contain too many faces, the time to load the segment will be long and the system loses adaptability. | ||||||
| This approach works well for several objects, but does not handle view-dependent streaming, which is desirable in the use case of large NVEs\@. | This approach works well for several objects, but does not handle view-dependent streaming, which is desirable in the use case of large NVEs\@. | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| \subsection{Geometry and textures} |  | ||||||
| 
 |  | ||||||
| As discussed in Chapter~\ref{f:3d}, meshes consists in two main types of data: geometry and textures. |  | ||||||
| When addressing 3D streaming, one must find a compromise between geometry and textures, and a system needs to solve this compromise. |  | ||||||
| 
 |  | ||||||
| Balancing between streaming of geometry and texture data are considered by~\citep{batex3},~\citep{visual-quality-assessment}, and~\citep{mesh-texture-multiplexing}. |  | ||||||
| All three work considered a single, manifold textured mesh model with progressive meshes. |  | ||||||
| Their approach is to combine the distortion caused by having lower resolution meshes and textures into a single view independent metric. |  | ||||||
| 
 |  | ||||||
| \citep{progressive-compression-textured-meshes} also deals with the geometry / texture compromise. |  | ||||||
| This work designs a cost driven framework for 3D data compression, both in terms of geometry and textures. |  | ||||||
| This framework generates an atlas for textures that enables efficient compression and multiresolution scheme. |  | ||||||
| 
 |  | ||||||
| \subsection{Viewpoint dependency} | \subsection{Viewpoint dependency} | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
|  | 3D streaming means that content is downloaded while the user is interacting with the 3D object. | ||||||
|  | In terms of quality of experience, it is desirable that the downloaded content is visible to the user. | ||||||
|  | This means that the progressive compression must allow a decoder to choose what it needs to decode, and to guess what it needs to decode from the users point of view. | ||||||
|  | This is typically called \emph{random accessible mesh compression}. | ||||||
|  | \citep{maglo2013pomar} is such an example of random accessible progressive mesh compression. | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
| In the case of large scene 3D streaming, viewpoint dependent streaming is a must-have: a user will only be seeing one small portion of the scene at each time, and a system that does not adapt its streaming to the user's point of view is bound to have poor quality of experience. | In the case of large scene 3D streaming, viewpoint dependent streaming is a must-have: a user will only be seeing one small portion of the scene at each time, and a system that does not adapt its streaming to the user's point of view is bound to have poor quality of experience. | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
| A simple way to implement viewpoint dependency is to access the content near the user's camera. | A simple way to implement viewpoint dependency is to access the content near the user's camera. | ||||||
| @ -121,6 +116,23 @@ Even though there are no associated publications, it seems that the interface do | |||||||
| In the same vein, \citep{3d-tiles} developed 3D Tiles, is a specification for visualizing massive 3D geospatial data developed by Cesium and built on top of glTF\@. | In the same vein, \citep{3d-tiles} developed 3D Tiles, is a specification for visualizing massive 3D geospatial data developed by Cesium and built on top of glTF\@. | ||||||
| Their main goal is to display 3D objects on top of regular maps. | Their main goal is to display 3D objects on top of regular maps. | ||||||
| 
 | 
 | ||||||
|  | \subsection{Geometry and textures} | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | As discussed in Chapter~\ref{f:3d}, meshes consists in two main types of data: geometry and textures. | ||||||
|  | When addressing 3D streaming, one must find a compromise between geometry and textures, and a system needs to solve this compromise. | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | Balancing between streaming of geometry and texture data are considered by~\citep{batex3},~\citep{visual-quality-assessment}, and~\citep{mesh-texture-multiplexing}. | ||||||
|  | All three work considered a single, manifold textured mesh model with progressive meshes. | ||||||
|  | Their approach is to combine the distortion caused by having lower resolution meshes and textures into a single view independent metric. | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | \citep{progressive-compression-textured-meshes} also deals with the geometry / texture compromise. | ||||||
|  | This work designs a cost driven framework for 3D data compression, both in terms of geometry and textures. | ||||||
|  | This framework generates an atlas for textures that enables efficient compression and multiresolution scheme. | ||||||
|  | 
 | ||||||
|  | \citep{simon2019streaming} propose a way to stream a set of textures by encoding the textures into a video. | ||||||
|  | Each texture is segmented into tiles of a fixed size. | ||||||
|  | Those tiles are then ordered to minimise dissimilarities between consecutive tiles, and encoded as a video. | ||||||
|  | By benefiting from the video compression techniques, they are able to reach a better rate-distortion ratio than webp, which is the new standard for texture transmission, and jpeg. | ||||||
| % \copied{} | % \copied{} | ||||||
| % \subsection{Prefetching in NVE} | % \subsection{Prefetching in NVE} | ||||||
| % The general prefetching problem can be described as follows: what are the data most likely to be accessed by the user in the near future, and in what order do we download the data? | % The general prefetching problem can be described as follows: what are the data most likely to be accessed by the user in the near future, and in what order do we download the data? | ||||||
|  | |||||||
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