Some stuff
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@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
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\usepackage{fontspec,fontawesome}
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\usepackage{fontspec,fontawesome}
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\usepackage{setspace}
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\usepackage{setspace}
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\onehalfspacing{}
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\onehalfspacing{}
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\usepackage{numprint}
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\usepackage{enumitem}
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\usepackage{enumitem}
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\setitemize{noitemsep,topsep=4pt,parsep=4pt,partopsep=0pt}
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\setitemize{noitemsep,topsep=4pt,parsep=4pt,partopsep=0pt}
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@ -3,17 +3,31 @@
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\fresh{}
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\fresh{}
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During the last years, 3D acquisition and modeling techniques have made tremendous progress.
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During the last years, 3D acquisition and modeling techniques have made tremendous progress.
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Recent software such as \href{https://alicevision.org/\#meshroom}{Meshroom} use \emph{structure-from-motion} and \emph{multi-view-stereo} to infer a 3D model from a set of photographs.
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Recent software use 2D images from photographs to reconstruct 3D data, e.g. \href{https://alicevision.org/\#meshroom}{Meshroom} is free and open source software that got almost \numprint{200000} downloads on \href{https://www.fosshub.com/Meshroom.html}{fosshub} that use \emph{structure-from-motion} and \emph{multi-view-stereo} to infer a 3D model.
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There are more and more devices that are specifically built to harvest 3D data: some still very expensive and provide precise information such as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, as in RADAR but with light instead of radio waves), while some cheaper devices can obtain coarse data such as the Kinect.
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There are more and more devices that are specifically built to harvest 3D data: some still very expensive and provide precise information such as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, as in RADAR but with light instead of radio waves), while some cheaper devices can obtain coarse data such as the Kinect.
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Thanks to these techniques, more and more 3D data become available.
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Thanks to these techniques, more and more 3D data become available.
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These models have potential for multiple purposes, for example, they can be printed, which can reduce the production cost of some pieces of hardware or enable the creation of new objects, but most uses are based on visualisation.
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These models have potential for multiple purposes, for example, they can be printed, which can reduce the production cost of some pieces of hardware or enable the creation of new objects, but most uses are based on visualisation.
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For example, they can be used for augmented reality, to provide user with feedback that can be useful to help worker with complex tasks, but also for fashion (for example, \emph{Fitting Box} is a company that develops software to virtually try glasses).
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For example, they can be used for augmented reality, to provide user with feedback that can be useful to help worker with complex tasks, but also for fashion (for example, \emph{Fittingbox} is a company that develops software to virtually try glasses, as in Figure~\ref{i:fittingbox}).
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{assets/introduction/fittingbox.png}
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\caption{My face with augmented glasses\label{i:fittingbox}}
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\end{figure}
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3D acquisition and visualisation is also useful to preserve cultural heritage, and software such as Google Heritage or 3DHop are such examples, or to allow users navigating in a city (as in Google Earth or Google Maps in 3D).
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3D acquisition and visualisation is also useful to preserve cultural heritage, and software such as Google Heritage or 3DHop are such examples, or to allow users navigating in a city (as in Google Earth or Google Maps in 3D).
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\href{https://sketchfab.com}{Sketchfab} is an example of a website allowing users to share their 3D models and visualise models from other users.
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\href{https://sketchfab.com}{Sketchfab} (see Figure~\ref{i:sketchfab}) is an example of a website allowing users to share their 3D models and visualise models from other users.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{assets/introduction/sketchfab.png}
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\caption{Sketchfab interface\label{i:sketchfab}}
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\end{figure}
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In most 3D visualisation systems, the 3D data is stored on a server and needs to be transmitted to a terminal before the user can visualise it.
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In most 3D visualisation systems, the 3D data is stored on a server and needs to be transmitted to a terminal before the user can visualise it.
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The improvements in the acquisition setups we described lead to an increasing quality of the 3D models, thus an increasing size in bytes as well.
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The improvements in the acquisition setups we described lead to an increasing quality of the 3D models, thus an increasing size in bytes as well.
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Simply downloading 3D content and waiting until the content is fully downloaded to let the user visualise it is no longer a satisfactory solution, so adaptive streaming is needed.
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Simply downloading 3D content and waiting until the content is fully downloaded to let the user visualise it is no longer a satisfactory solution, so adaptive streaming is needed.
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In this thesis, we propose a full framework for the navigation and the streaming of large 3D scenes, such as districts or whole cities.
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In this thesis, we propose a full framework for navigation and streaming of large 3D scenes, such as districts or whole cities.
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% With the progress in data acquisition and modeling techniques, networked virtual environments, or NVE, are increasing in scale.
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% With the progress in data acquisition and modeling techniques, networked virtual environments, or NVE, are increasing in scale.
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% For instance,~\cite{urban-data-visualisation} reported that the 3D scene for the city of Lyon takes more than 30 GB of data.
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% For instance,~\cite{urban-data-visualisation} reported that the 3D scene for the city of Lyon takes more than 30 GB of data.
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@ -30,6 +44,8 @@ In this thesis, we propose a full framework for the navigation and the streaming
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\resetstyle{}
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\resetstyle{}
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\newpage
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\input{introduction/challenges}
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\input{introduction/challenges}
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\resetstyle{}
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\resetstyle{}
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
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\begin{document}
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\begin{document}
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\let\rawref\ref%
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\let\rawref\ref%
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\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\rawref{#1} (page~\pageref{#1})}
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%\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\rawref{#1} (page~\pageref{#1})}
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\frontmatter
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\frontmatter
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